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Fast of the Firstborn
Fast of the Firstborn ((ヘブライ語:תענית בכורות), ''Ta'anit B'khorot''〔 or , ''Ta'anit B'khorim''〔); is a unique fast day in Judaism which usually falls on the day before Passover (i.e. the fourteenth day of Nisan, a month in the Jewish calendar. Passover always begins on the fifteenth of the Hebrew month). Usually, the fast is broken at a siyum celebration (typically made at the conclusion of the morning services), which, according to prevailing custom, creates an atmosphere of rejoicing that overrides the requirement to continue the fast (see ''Breaking the fast'' below). Unlike most Jewish fast days, only firstborns are required to fast on the Fast of the Firstborn.
This fast commemorates the salvation of the Israelite firstborns during the Plague of the Firstborn (according to the Book of Exodus, the tenth of the ten plagues wrought upon Ancient Egypt prior to the Exodus of the Children of Israel), when, according to Exodus (12:29): ''"...God struck every firstborn in the Land of Mitzrayim (Ancient Egypt)...."''〔
==Origins==
The origins of the Fast of the Firstborn are found in the Talmud, and the custom may have existed even prior to Talmudic times. The primary Talmudic source quoted for this custom is found in Tractate ''Soferim'' (21:3), where it is stated that firstborns fast "in commemoration of the miracle that they were saved from the Plague of the Firstborn."〔 Rabbeinu Asher, in his comprehensive halakhic commentary on the Babylonian Talmud (''Pesachim'' 10:19), as well as Rabbeinu Aharon HaKohein in his ''Orchot Chayyim'' (p. 76, §13), quote the Jerusalem Talmud (''Pesachim'' 68a) as an additional source for the fast.〔
The ''Chatam Sofer'' suggests that the firstborn Israelites fasted in trepidation in advance of the Plague of the Firstborn; despite a divine guarantee of safety, they felt a need to fast in repentance to achieve greater divine protection. The ''Chatam Sofer'' thus posits that this was the precedent for the Fast of the Firstborn.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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